'Parma and paincho are traditional system of cooperation. Justify

Parma and paincho are systems of cooperation because they both allow for social social interaction that allows individuals to cooperate in meeting each other's needs.

In short, parma and paincho mean "give and borrow (or borrow)." Paincho refers to goods and parma to services. they work in a society where people in need of a good (like food, clothing, money, etc.) or some service can ask these things from individuals who are not in need who can give or donate these factors or charge any cost or interest needy, just stipulating a date for the loan to be repaid.

q1: artillery

q2: simon bolivar

q3:   their workers and farmers demanded a return to spanish rule.

q4: drafted new constitutions

q5: oligarchies have replaced monarchies