A defined political community that controls a specific part of the earth's surface and has an organized government that has the power to make and enforce laws without approval from any higher authority is called

State

Explanation:

While there is no one particular definition of a State. State is characterized by the following:

1. Political community

2. Having a landmass

3. Has the power to enforce laws

4. Sovereignty

Hence, A defined political community that controls a specific part of the earth's surface and has an organized government that has the power to make and enforce laws without approval from any higher authority is called STATE.

the answer would be a)henry grady because he came up with the term "new south"

thots think tootsies drink tequila