How do you write a claim

Did the writers of the declaration of independence accomplish their goals (did we get our independence and the new government we wrote about)?

Situation #2: imagine that you are a newspaper editor in columbus, oh in 1863. the civil war has been dragging on for more than two years already and shows no signs of ending soon. you are aware that many black males are willing to enlist in the union army but you fear that they may be mistreated and abused by the majority of soldiers on either side in this war. write a one-page letter (double spaced) editorial for tomorrow's edition of the newspaper. the topic is military service in the union army by free african american males. in your editorial, take a clear position for or against having black men join the fight. be sure to give reasons for whatever position you choose to take.

Because of the housing bubble, many houses are now selling for much less than their selling price just two to three years ago. there is evidence that homeowners with virtually identical houses tend to ask for more if they paid more for the house. what fallacy are they making?