The Fertile Crescent refers to: o the aid organization
O the ability to irrigate crops
civilizations which developed along rivers from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf
o an area of settlements that were impacted when the moon took on a crescent shape

Q1-which of the following strategies did spain use in an attempt to thwart french claims to the texas territory after 1689? a. establishing a blockade on the texas coastline b. bringing spanish settlers up from mexico into spanish territory c. developing relationships with native american indian nations that would fight the french. d. paying off the french for the claim to texas with silver mined in its southern colonies q2-for which of the following reasons was texas's first petition for statehood in the united states denied? a. the issue of slavery prevented the united states from accepting texas as a state. b. the united states would not admit texas until the new republic was able to pay off its massive war debts. c. the united states knew that most texans did not think of themselves as americans and did not believe it was fitting to admit them. d. the united states did not want to damage relations with a weakened but still powerful mexico. q3-  which of the following brought about the final settlement of the official boundary lines of the state of texas? a. the compromise of 1850 b. the reincorporation of texas at the end of the civil war c. the peace treaty of the mexican-american war d. the 1845 act signed by the president that made texas a state q4-  which of the following was implemented by the texas state “carpetbagger’s constitution” of 1869? a. a repudiation of the state’s war debt b. disfranchisement of african americans who had previously gained the right to vote c. the abolition of slavery d. disfranchisement of whites who had participated in the civil war q5-  according to daniel j. elazar’s political culture classification system for the united states, to what  dominant  political subculture does texas belong? a. traditionalistic b. individualistic c. conservative d. moralistic q6-  school districts are governed by which of the following? a. an appointed board of trustees b. a city-council appointed manager c. an elected superintendent d. an elected board of trustees   q7- which of the following is the primary reason that special purpose districts are created? a. to provide services when no other unit of government exists to provide that service b. to give local residents more control over their affairs c. to take power away from city governments and place it with the county government d. to provide services at a more competitive rate than county or city services can q8-to pass an ordinance, a county government must do which of the following? a. pass it through the commissioner’s court with a majority vote b. get legislative approval c. get approval from the municipal government d. pass it through the commissioner’s court with a unanimous vote q9-which of the following is the primary function of county constables? a. ensuring the smooth running of the commissioner’s court b. serving as prison administrators c. enforcing the law through police actions within county jurisdiction d. serving as court officers for justice of the peace courts q10-which of the following is not true of the county judge’s powers or responsibilities? a. the county judge does not have to be a licensed attorney. b. the county judge is elected to four-year terms. c. the county judge presides over the commissioner’s court but has no vote in its proceedings. d. the constitution assigns judicial duties to the office of the county judge.