How did Muhammad’s death in 632 affect the Muslim state he had established? Why were the Muslims able to conquer the powerful Byzantine and Persian Empires in just 20 years?

Why did many Jews, Christians, and other non-Muslims convert to Islam in the growing Muslim empire?

Why was Abu Bakr important to the survival of the Muslim state?

How did the conquering caliphs treat their non-Muslim subjects?

1. It resulted in a huge shock in the community fallowed by an election of Abu-Bakr as the leader of the state

2. Historically, getting support from locals and having a strong belie and high morale allowed them to defeat the empires.

3. Islam spread via missionary spread Islam in the empire. Islam had a very simple message and could be accepted universally, so it was appealing to many.

4. he allowed the Muslim state to continue operating, taking the position as the Calif

5. They encouraged conversion but where tolerant so long as a toll tax was payed and peace was maintained.

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