How did the Yuan capital of Beijing show influence on foreigners.? What led to the direct rule of China by Foreigners?
How did the ming dynasties' attitudes towards foreigners differ over time?

An informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.