What is the meaning of retired in paragraph 3?

Why were so many distinctive cultures able to develop over time in asia?

Abrief, "first-step" presentation of a work to be completed is called a

The platt amendment of 1901 forbade cuba from entering into any treaties that would allow undue foreign involvement in cuban affairs. this law was passed after the spanish-american war to make sure that european nations weren’t going to get involved with cuba. 1, why might the platt amendment be considered ironic? 2, what reasons would the united states have for not wanting european influence in cuba?