A budget surplus occurs when spending is greater than revenue.
the government balances the budget.
revenue is greater than spending.
the government raises taxes.
please help quick first right answer gets brainlist no cap

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.        

answer; proximity;