What dose -er mean when added to a word

When analyzing the election of 1876, what conclusion can be drawn? a.a majority of northerners wanted to enforce reconstruction policies more stringently.b.if tilden had won the electoral votes from louisiana, florida, or south carolina, he would have been elected president.c.the republican party had increased its support in the south.d.rutherford hayes did poorly in the western states.e.the republican party did a good job protecting the voting rights of african-americans in mississippi.

Montesquieu suggested dividing government into

He constitution dictates that the presiding officer of the senate is the a) majority whip. b) vice-president. c) majority leader. d) speaker of the house.