despite the horrendous conditions of African American slaves had to endure, why did southern slave owners resist any challenge to the institution of slavery

Hi my name is bradley i do not have the answer

True. r u cheating on a test. bro not cool.

Where is the map? explain the choices?

An informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.