Learning psychologist Edward Tolman wanted to determine if mice learned a maze through trial and error or if the developed a "cognitive map" of the maze. Tolman placed a rat in the center of a circular space with 4 alternative corridors. If the rats were truly "guessing" a path, they should try each corridor an equal number of times. However, if the rats were developing a cognitive map, they should go down the far-right corridor more frequently than the others and go directly to the cheese. OriginalRight

Observed812

Expected1616

A. What are the null and alternative hypotheses?

B. Perform the analysis manually or using Excel or r.

C. Why is a Chi-Square called goodness of fit rather than a hypothesis test

D. What did Tolman find?