What type of sentence is this Benjamin Franklin—scientist, inventor, and one of America's founding fathers—raised public awareness about firefighting methods and organized the first fire department in Philadelphia.

simple sentence

Explanation:

A simple sentence may be defined as the sentence that contains only one clause, and also a single subject along with a single predicate. A simple sentence always have an independent clause, which stands alone. Simple sentences do not have a dependent clause.

In the context, the given sentence is a simple sentence since it has a single independent clause and also a single subject and predicate.

did mary wollstonecraft believe was a natural ingredient for women’s happiness?

so you should go with

a. strong