What caused early settlers to have "starving times"

when food shortages, fractured leadership,

Explanation:The starving time” was the winter of 1609-1610, when food shortages, fractured leadership, and a siege by Powhatan Indian warriors killed two of every three colonists at James Fort. From its beginning, the colony struggled to maintaining a food supply.

the minoan civilization flourished in the middle bronze age on the island of crete located in the eastern mediterranean from c. 2000 bce until c. 1500 bce. with their unique art and architecture, and the spread of their ideas through contact with other cultures across the aegean, the minoans made a significant contribution to the development of western european civilization as it is known today. labyrinth-like palace complexes, vivid frescoes depicting scenes such as bull-leaping and processions, fine gold jewelry, elegant stone vases, and pottery with vibrant decorations of marine life are all particular features of minoan crete.  

so basically their unique way of ding arts, as well as architecture.

answer; ok in rural area most people depend on private transportation(cars),pick up truck,donkey and buggy: ),and urban people can walk or ride public transportation,bus,train cab,uber.