Avoiding research bias is important for developing objective, reliable health-related information that can be used by the public. Check all of the situations that are likely to indicate research bias: A. An organization representing dairy farmers provides a monetary grant to a researcher who will study whether drinking three cups of milk per day promotes weight loss. -A university research team is studying whether individuals who eat chicken that has been injected with a salt-water solution before packaging have higher blood pressure levels than people who eat chicken that has not been injected with the salt-water solution. Before conducting their study, the researchers did not seek funding from the poultry farmers’ association.
B. A soft drink producers' trade group funds a study to determine whether the removal of soft drink machines from schools negatively affects the number of extracurricular activities that are offered by administrators in those schools.
C. A drug company that makes dietary supplements funds a study that indicated the health benefits of taking megadoses of vitamin C on a daily basis.
D. A psychologist who is a consultant for an organization that promotes plant-based diets conducts a study that finds people who eat meat are just as likely to be depressed as people who do not eat meat. An article that describes her study and its findings is published in the peer-reviewed The Journal of Nutrition. At the end of the article, the psychologist discloses her ties to several organizations, including the one promoting plant-based diets.
E. A physician who focuses on child health concerns (a pediatrician) is opposed to administering vitamin D supplements to breastfed babies. This physician thinks the vitamin contributes to excess weight gain among infants. According to this doctor, his records indicate that breastfed babies who received the vitamin D supplement are 2 pounds heavier than breastfed babies who are the same age but did not receive the supplement.

When "systematic error introduced into testing or sampling by encouraging or selecting one outcome over others," bias arises in research. Bias can arise at any point during the research process, including study design and data collecting, as well as publication and data analysis.

Options A, B, and C are the correct answers that indicate research bias;

The other options D and E have a proper validation of facts and projection of true facts to both the researchers and public with high professional consent in declaring that their product is been reviewed. So, they are incorrect answers as they do not indicate research bias.

Therefore, options, A, B, and C results in the research bias.

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C. A drug company that makes dietary supplements funds a study that indicated the health benefits of taking megadoses of vitamin C on a daily basis.

A. An organization representing dairy farmers provides a monetary grant to a researcher who will study whether drinking three cups of milk per day promotes weight loss. -A university research team is studying whether individuals who eat chicken that has been injected with a salt-water solution before packaging have higher blood pressure levels than people who eat chicken that has not been injected with the salt-water solution. Before conducting their study, the researchers did not seek funding from the poultry farmers’ association.

B. A soft drink producers' trade group funds a study to determine whether the removal of soft drink machines from schools negatively affects the number of extracurricular activities that are offered by administrators in those schools.

Explanation:

The three options selected above have bias in the research. This type of bias is generated by distortion in the research investigation process. This distortion can be seen through problems in the design, in the manipulation of variables and even in data collection. These biases present crude, inaccurate results that promote incorrect interpretations.