The non-equivalent comparison group design can yield several possible outcomes. A possible outcome of the non-equivalent comparison group design is that the control group scores higher than the experimental group on the pretest and posttest but the experimental group improves more on posttesting. This could reflect the fact that the independent variable had an effect on the experimental group. It could also reflect: a. an unreliable dependent measure.
b. the fact that the control group experienced less of the independent variable than the experimental group did.
c. a participant-expectation effect.
d. a selection-maturation effect.

The answer is D: A selection-maturation effect.

Explanation:

The fact that the experimentation group in the posttest showed Improvements indicates that time was needed to evaluate the effect of the independent variable on the progress or development of this experimental group.

swahili is an extremely rich and complex civilization, a set of ethnic groups articulated by a language and a series of cultural elements that fuse the african traditions, islam and indian culture. this growth was largely a result of the indian ocean trading network that brought in not just man-made riches, but also religious ideas, specifically islam, which had a significant impact on the local culture. furthermore, the development of the swahili language gave a common cultural unity to the people.