An eyewitness to a crime who is viewing a lineup may believe that, when uncertain, it is better to choose someone from the lineup, increasing the chance that the culprit will be caught, than to reject the lineup, even though rejecting the lineup decreases the chance that an innocent person will be wrongly accused. Which of the following concepts from class is this most related to? a) loss aversion
b) the self-reference effect
c) subjective utility
d) the availability heuristic

Horton automatics and the industrial division of the communications workers of america, the union that represented horton’s workers, negotiated a collective bargaining agreement. if an employee’s discharge for a workplace-rule violation was submitted to arbitration, the agreement limited the arbitrator to determining whether the rule was reasonable and whether the employee had violated it. when horton discharged employee ruben de la garza, the union appealed to arbitration. the arbitrator found that de la garza had violated a reasonable safety rule, but “was not totally convinced” that horton should have treated the violation more seriously than other rule violations. the arbitrator ordered de la garza reinstated. can a court set aside this order