Islam after muhammad's death
1) describe what happened after muhammad's death and explain how abu bake came to power?

after muhammad's death the muslim were without a leader beacuse muhammad had not named a instructed his followers how to upon his death. ultimately, muhammad's father and law and trusted friend, abuse by elected as the caliph or successor.

2) why are abu bakr, umar, uthman and ali known as the "right guided" caliphs?

it is a part of john locke's natural rights popular during the age of enlightenment that people had inalienable rights to life, liberty and property. this was reflected by thomas jefferson in his declaration of independence as rights to life,liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

another line in the declaration of independence is that people have certain rights just because they are human. humans are capable of obeying the three natural rights john locke mentioned making them governable by these laws and therefore entitled to these rights as well.