During the Hundred Years’ War, why did some French villages offer tribunes, (an official in ancient Rome chosen by the plebeians to protect their interests) to their people?

Ghana, first of the great medieval trading empires of western africa (fl. 7th–13th century). it was situated between the sahara and the headwaters of the sénégal and niger rivers, in an area that now comprises southeastern mauritania and part of mali.