As the war dragged on, Germany began to show signs of the terrible effort required to fight so many enemies. The British blockade resulted in shortages of everything; soap, meat, clothing, liquor, tobacco, fuel, paper - the list was endless. People who owned some land started up little gardens in their front or backyards and tried to grow a few vegetables. Others grew tomatoes in window boxes or asked for small plots of land in public parks. The casualty list grew and grew. Armless or legless men became common sights. Everyone had a loved one or relative who had been killed in the war. The army began to call up younger and younger men. Eventually fourteen-year-old schoolboys were accepted as recruits - replacements for the millions of dead and wounded. The warfare described in the reading above is often termed
(Choose one):

1) propaganda war

2) siege warfare

3) psychological warfare

4) a war of attrition