Challenges of Political Parties​

The various challenges faced by political parties are:

Lack of Internal democracy:

• Every member of the party does not have a chance to take part in the decision-making process.

• Every member is not consulted before taking a decision.

• There is no proper organisation or registration of members.

• Power remains in the hands of a few top leaders, who do not consult ordinary members.

• Ordinary members have no information about the internal working of the party.

Dynastic Succession: With power in the hands of a few top leaders, all party positions go to their family members. These members may not be qualified or have the ability to hold their positions.

Money and Muscle Power:

• Money is needed to organise demonstrations, public meetings, and speeches to publicise the image of the party. Parties choose those candidates who can raise money for the party and win elections with their money.

• Sometimes parties also support criminals candidates because they can win elections.

The meaningful choice to others: Most of the political parties have the same fundamental and ideological issues. Voters do not have a meaningful choice. Even leaders keep changing parties, thus confusing the voter.

Explanation:

- "ethical issues. deception – the participants actually believed they were shocking a real person and were unaware the learner was a confederate of milgram's. however, milgram argued that “illusion is used when necessary in order to set the stage for the revelation of certain difficult-to-get-at-truths.” "

- "milgram's work was conducted in the early 1960s before the current.the studies ignited a debate about the ethical treatment of participants. what appear to be dangerous, if not deadly, electric shocks and the by today's ethical standards, many questions about the research have gone unanswered."

1) d

2)c

3)b

4) a

5)c

6) c