Please help me, I don't understand Which is true about the “push-pull” theory of voluntary migration?

The transatlantic slave trade pushed millions of Africans against their will to the European colonies.

People migrate because their personal difficulties “push” them to leave.

In the 1840s, a disease destroyed the potato crop in England, pulling people to migrate.

People migrate because a lack of religious freedom “pulls” them to a new country.

Because they are located downstream from turkey on the tigris and euphrates rivers, these two nations are anticipating a reduction in water supply, as a result of 22 dams being built by the southeastern anatolia project. the two nations are a) iraq and iran. b) iraq and syria. c) iran and syria. d) saudi arabia and yemen.

The federal reserve is responsible for overseeing all a. income tax refunds b. changes in tax policies c. government spending d. depository institutions

The defendant, angered because a rival gang member had twice beaten him up after school, obtained a heavy lead pipe and waited in a deserted alleyway which he knew the rival took as a route home every day after school. when his enemy came walking down the alley, the defendant leapt out behind him and smashed the pipe into the victim's head, knocking him to the ground. the defendant then rolled the victim over and pounded his face with 15 to 20 heavy blows with the lead pipe, killing him. the jurisdiction defines first degree murder as murder committed with premeditation and deliberation. all other murders are defined as second degree murders. why will the defendant be convicted of first degree murder (as opposed to second degree murder)?