Consider what you have learned about american history during the period of 1860 to the early 1900s. how do the stories in the realism and regionalism unit reflect what was going on in the country then?

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Regionalism and Realism in 19th Century American Literature reflected how the Civil War and westward expansion produced many changes in society and politics. American artists used realism and regionalism to comment on the ongoing struggle of the working class as well as the societal elevation of the middle class. They documented these transformations by creating removed, impartial depictions of everyday life.

Mark Twain in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Kate Chopin in The Awakening employed regionalism while Henry James depicted real life in real time using realism in his story Daisy Miller: A Study.

the earth’s crust is broken into separate pieces called tectonic plates (fig. 7.14). recall that the crust is the solid, rocky, outer shell of the planet. it is composed of two distinctly different types of material: the less-dense continental crust and the more-dense oceanic crust. both types of crust rest atop solid, upper mantle material. the upper mantle, in turn, floats on a denser layer of lower mantle that is much like thick molten tar.

each tectonic plate is free-floating and can move independently. earthquakes and volcanoes are the direct result of the movement of tectonic plates at fault lines. the term fault is used to describe the boundary between tectonic plates. most of the earthquakes and volcanoes around the pacific ocean basin—a pattern known as the “ring of fire”—are due to the movement of tectonic plates in this region. other observable results of short-term plate movement include the gradual widening of the great rift lakes in eastern africa and the rising of the himalayan mountain range. the motion of plates can be described in four general patterns:

collision: when two continental plates are shoved together

subduction: when one plate plunges beneath another (fig. 7.15)

spreading: when two plates are pushed apart (fig. 7.15)

transform faulting: when two plates slide past each other (fig. 7.15)

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