The right of accused people to not be forced by government to give evidence against themselves exists in the

early settlements on the subcontinent. both the indus and the ganges rivers carried rich silt from the mountains to the plains. when the rivers flooded, the silt spread over the plains and made the soil in the river valleys fertile for farming.

"choosing is refusing" means individuals face an opportunity cost with each decision they make. economists state that every decision involves trade-offs. opportunity cost is the least desirable alternative given up as a result of a decision.