What was an attempt to ruin an opponents reputation with insults known as?

Why is it economically necessary for the east germans to build berlin wall

The president of american systems announces that all employees will be going on a trip to san francisco. some employees like the idea and some don't. according to the component of attitudes, these evaluations reflect the feelings of the employees.

Why did the south think that its secession from the union would succeed? a. the confederate army was larger than the union army. b. european nations had promised to support the south. c. the south only had to defend itself against the north, not defeat it.