Who introduced the concept of laissez-faire? introduced the concept of laissez-faire, which means government interference in the functioning of an economy.

Adam Smith

In the second half of the eighteenth century, in the heat of the English Industrial Revolution, Adam Smith played a very important role in the popularization of economic theories of laissez-faire, being considered the father of theories of free market or free trade. Although there were precursors of these theories for example in medieval Persia such as Al Ghazali and Al Tusi. Adam Smith understood this term as the "nonintervention" of the State in an economic life, mainly in the field of production.

forty niners migrated west due to gold discovery in california and it the west was a new place for hope this : )

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i honestly speaking this is too long