Research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get lung cancer than those who do not smoke. this research alone demonstrates that

The correct answer to this question is:

This research alone demonstrates that “there is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer".

The word “more likely” implies that there is only a relationship linking smoking and lung cancer. It is not conclusive that smoking alone causes lung cancer since people who do not smoke  also contracts lung cancer. Therefore it is only “relationship” and not “causational” .

so you know what happened be fore you were alive

explanation:

i disagree that there is little difference between adult female development and adult male development. sociological studies comparing female and male pathways to adulthood, revelead that there are sustancial differences between them. particularly, female and male differ from timing of marriage, when they began to live with children and the likelihood of combining wife/husband and parent roles.