Philosophers, such as john locke, argued that a body of law existed that predates the formal creation of society and government. locke argued that such laws are god-given, exist within human beings from the time they are born, and are intrinsic in human nature. this concept is referred to as law.

Natural law. Basically, it means that some principles of conduct are inherent to human nature, or instilled in us, whether by God or by our faculty of reason. Those principles of conduct are comprised in the concept of morality. According to those philosophers, all of us have a natural sense of justice, just like we have natural rights which pertain to all people. 

Urban growth invariably feeds increased commercialization and industrialization. it requires continually expanding land areas. when urbanization rates are high, and countries do not have the institutional and managerial capacities or economic wherewithal to manage such rapid growths, they exert intense pressure on the types and nature of the resulting settlements. they contribute to the development of overcrowded slums and shanty towns without adequate essential services and necessary infrastructure.-by asit k. biswas and cecilia tortajada