Some governments initiate restrictive standards that detail exactly how a product must be sold in a country. trade experts call these

A Nontariff Barrier. Nontariff barriers are commonly used by countries in international trade, and they are typically based on the availability of goods and services and the political alliances with the trading countries. Overall, any barrier to international trade will create an economic loss, as it limits the functions of standard market trading. The lost revenues resulting from the barrier to trade can be called an economic loss.

B) .. change at different rates to different degrees