Are researchers allowed to deceive participants in their studies?
a. no, deception of research participants is unethical according to the american psychological association's code of ethics.
b. no, because an institutional review board would never approve of such methods in a proper study.
c. yes, but the participants must be paid for their time and effort in a study where deception was used.
d. yes, but when the study is over the researcher has to reveal the study's real goals and explain why the deception was necessary.