For the previous six weeks or so, Carlton's co-workers have noticed that he has seemed very sad much of the time. He has also stopped going to team lunches and stays in his office on his own far more than usual. However, in the last few days, he has seemed very different. He has been in an excited state much of the time, talking more rapidly than usual, and many of his ideas at team meetings seem unrealistic and overambitious. Which of the following disorders are Carlton's symptoms most consistent with? a. dysthymia
b. major depression
c. bipolar disorder
d. schizophrenia

Asociologist wants to study a culture that occurs in some women’s prisons: “state families,” in which individual prisoners take on certain roles within a group of like-minded prisoners. there is previous evidence that younger prisoners will use older inmates who play the roles of grandparents as a resource before they will turn to staff for and advice. the lieutenant in charge of a dorm of long-term prisoners offers to gather volunteers to speak to the researcher and also offers to vouch for the integrity of the researcher. the use of this staff is: a valid use of a statistical technique referred to “snowball sampling” wherein the inclusion of the first subject leads to the recruitment of another one subject.a useful tactic in obtaining a sample of prisoners who both meet the criteria and who will be honest with the researcher.wrong and is prohibited; subject selection needs to be free from intervention by prison authorities or prisoners.acceptable only when the researcher’s irb grants a special waiver.

Danilo has been working for metropolitan taxi for three months. he expected that his job would be to drive around the city, pick up fares, and drop them off at their desired locations, but in his first few days on the job he realized that the job entails much more. he must keep his taxi cab clean and neat, and some days he will be stationed at the shop and go to people's houses to pick them up and bring them to the local airport. within a few months, he has learned that taxi drivers often express frustration with the people they call "civilians"—that is, non–taxi drivers, whose driving skills they complain about incessantly. in his first few months on the job, describes what danilo is undergoing.

Which of the following  bestillustrates a negative reinforcer?               a.  copland gives up candy to stave off chronic acid indigestion.    b.  nancy learns that she prefers chocolate over vanilla.    c.  carmine changes his major to english lit after failing a math exam.    d.  on a hot day, lindberg always drinks lemonade.