Vocational colleges often

no , per capita income is not a true measure of the development because: -it only tells us about average income not how income is distributed among the people.it only give us an idea of the economic aspect.it is only at the qualitative basis.moreover, income is not only the way of development other factors are also as much as important as income.

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.