which judicial principal does this passage from the Marbury versus Madison Supreme Court ruling illustrate?

Which of these is the best example of a cause-and-effect chain of events? 1. alonzo went to the music festival. 2. carmen went to the same music festival. 3. alonzo met carmen at the music festival. 1. yosef bought a new car from a dealership. 2. bailey bought a car from the same dealership. 3. bailey paid more for his car than yosef did. 1. the high school football team played a game on friday night. 2. the drama club put on a play on friday night. 3. maya watched the football game instead of the play. 1. a fast food restaurant ran an advertisement on television. 2. hank saw the advertisement and got hungry. 3. hank went to the fast food restaurant and bought food.