Evolutionary theorists have suggested that human beings may have a natural aversion to bitter tastes because many lethal poisons have a bitter flavor. This natural ability to learn an association for biological reasons is called . a. preparedness b. stimulus discrimination c. blocking d. a learned aversion e. instinctive drift

a. preparedness

Explanation:

Preparedness: In psychology, the term "preparedness" is determined as a concept that is being developed to elucidate why specific associations are learned by a person more easily as compared to others.

Example: Phobias associated with survival including snakes or heights are much easier & common to persuade in the laboratory as compared to any other kind of fear.

In the question above the given statement represents "preparedness".

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.        

sumerians were polytheistic, meaning they believed in many different gods. so, the best answer is c.