students in Japan are offered guidance sessions that seek to improve the classroom experience and instill values useful in the Japanese business world. These sessions are an example of

Hidden curriculum

Explanation:

Hidden curriculum simply means the unofficial, unwritten, and unintended values, and lessons that are learned by the students in school.

Since the students in Japan are offered guidance sessions that seek to improve the classroom experience and instill values useful in the Japanese business world, then these sessions are an example of hidden curriculum.

answer: ‘no one should be discriminated against because he or she is not from a minority group’

because—> affirmative action means ‘a policy or program that provides opportunities for traditionally disadvantaged groups to them overcome the effects of discrimination’