Robert Sampson and W. Byron Groves developed a community-level version of social disorganization theory in the 1980s, which included different systems of controls or supervision in those communities, one of which, , described participation in religious or civic groups.

explanation:

may i ask what challenges?

you probably know the answer. stop asking stupid questions and making me waste my time. j.k. ; )   b.t.w. what are three ratios equivalent to 5 : 11? thx

your answer would b. the missisipi river

hope i you : )

i believe your answer is mountains.