The Sumerians are recognized by historians as one of the first groups of people to meet all five characteristics of an advanced and complex society. By 3,000 BC, the Sumerians had already built several cities that were surrounded by fields for farming. While these cities shared a common culture, they operated individually in terms of their government. These independent cities are referred to as city-states which are run very similarly to how a country is run today. The Sumerian city-states include Uruk, Kish, Lagash, Umma, and Ur.

is this an essay or multiple choice

the correct answer is the following is a list of inventions made in the medieval islamic world, especially during the "islamic golden age" (8th to 13th centuries),[1][2] as well as the late medieval period, especially in the emirate of granada and the ottoman empire.

science and technology in the islamic world adopted and preserved knowledge and technologies from contemporary and earlier civilizations, including persia, india, china, and greece-roman antiquity, while making a number of improvements and innovations.

answer; ecological fallacy;