Desmond and Monique have a marriage. Their marriage is based on love and understanding. They have negotiated a division of labor such that Desmond is in charge of the cooking, yardwork, and laundry, while Monique is in charge of cleaning, household maintenance, and bill paying.

manifest functions are the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern, while latent functions are those unrecognized and unintended consequences. to analyze the manifest functions of any social institution, we have to study its contribution to the continuation of a group, community, or society.

chronological thinking is an indispensable tool to structure a historical narrative and to give meaning to a sequence of events. the final section presents the results of a survey to test the chronological thinking of lower secondary school students carried out by the educational research institute.