Kim is 13 years old. She knows that if she does not get good grades, her mother would not allow her to go out for movies. According to Piaget's cognitive development theory, Kim is in the stage.

Occurs with the fully informed request of a competant adult patient or their surrogate. culture of life: select the best answer from the choices provided. a. voluntary euthanasia b. nonvoluntary euthanasia c. involuntary euthanasia d. passive euthanasia