What were the purposes of the Black Codes enacted by Southern states during Reconstruction?Ato restrict the rights of African Americans and prevent them from achieving economic independence to punish former slaveowners and restrict their ability to own property to prevent state governments from infringing on the rights of African Americans or preventing them from votingDto help former slaves learn new trades and provide help to them and their families

Before they can be published, scientific papers must be peer-reviewed. this means that: a) some other scientific experts read the papers and guarantee that they are true.b) some other scientific experts read the papers and provide quality control by eliminating many mistakes.c) an editor reads the papers, to make sure that all the semicolons are in the correct places.d) everyone in the world is given the opportunity to comment on the papers through a specially maintainedblog.e) government bureaucrats read the papers, to be sure that the papers do not insult the political positions ofthe current officeholders.