Judy was in a car accident and experienced severe brain damage. As a result of the accident she is unable to see. Her blindness is most likely caused by damage to the lobes.

An informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.