Why do sociologists have to run their projects by institutional review boards? what are the “golden rules” sociologists should keep in mind when conducting research?

Because institutional review boards must ensure that all scientific research is done ethically. The golden rules are: do no harm, informed consent, voluntary participation.

Explanation:

In a research project it is important that researchers value the ethics, morals and well-being of the participants, and research should not be set on unethical and disrespectful or abusive values. It is for this reason that researchers should direct their projects to the institutional councils, so that the ethical analysis and verification of the methodological adequacy with the ethical and moral values defended by the institutional councils are made.

For their projects to be approved by the board, scientists must adopt the so-called "golden rules." The golden rules are: do no harm, informed consent, voluntary participation

answer; i believe its jutland peninsula and scandinavian peninsula;

dude you should crop your image so only the question shows. but   can you explain it better