When noah's dad gets home from work, noah runs to him shouting, “daddy! ” his dad sweeps him up in a bear hug, gives him a gentle knuckle rub on top of his head, then lowers him to the ground in a pretend choke hold. noah screams with delight, escapes the hold, and climbs on his dad's back to ride him like a horse. inadvertently, noah hurt his dad while climbing, and his dad said sternly, “that really hurt. be nice! ” what kind of lesson is noah's dad teaching him with this rough-and-tumble play bout?

The kind of lesion that Noah’s dad is teaching him with the rough and tumble play bout is emotional regulation. This is where an individual experience or shows his or her emotions in regards with the experience that the person is in to in which Noah’s dad had expressed when they were playing around and got himself hurt because of Noah.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.