Your high school is proposing moving to a system in which grades are no longer given or used to evaluate student progress. define the following concept and state how it might either positively or negatively change student behavior under such a system. james-lange theory

Which of the following  bestillustrates a negative reinforcer?               a.  copland gives up candy to stave off chronic acid indigestion.    b.  nancy learns that she prefers chocolate over vanilla.    c.  carmine changes his major to english lit after failing a math exam.    d.  on a hot day, lindberg always drinks lemonade.