This reconstruction era policy gave voting rights only to people whose grandfathers had been legally allowed to vote, thus excluded freedmen from voting

Grandfather clause is the policy that excluded freedmen form voting

It could be anything, recent improvements in technology/telecommunication/internet have increased the pace of globalization.generally, it has something to do with technology. globalization means that people around the world are brought together through technology which speeds things up. so maybe some of those options could be correct. : )