To some, facebook serves as more of a distraction than a learning tool (wise, skues & williams, 2011), which is not an unreasonable deduction since facebook's primary use is as a social connection tool, and not an academic one. how are magro et al. using the work of wise, skues & williams in this example?

This is an example of paraphrasing. This is to take account of the thoughts or data from an original source in your paper by restating those thoughts or information in your own words. Also citing where you got your data is important because without proper citation, your paraphrase could be taken as plagiarism. 

industry had made the u.s. the richest nation in the world at this time. the second industrial revolution caused growth in industry and transportation, which allowed increased trade between nations.

the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.

the way in which a living organism or bodily part functions.