Justin uses an alarm clock to wake up in the mornings, but when he wakes up, he is frequently tired. he’s heard that if he slept without an alarm clock, he might wake up more refreshed, but justin is afraid that he would be late to school. what advice could justin with his problem?

possible "If Justin went to sleep earlier, he could eliminate the need to wake up with an alarm clock. His tiredness probably stems from not getting enough sleep. If his body was fully rested, it would wake up on its own. Combining going to bed earlier with getting rid of the alarm clock (except as an emergency device for when he accidentally slept in) would probably improve Justin’s sleep."

absolute poverty the condition of having too little income to buy the necessities-- food, shelter, clothing, health care.

achieved status a social position (status) obtained through an individual's own talents and efforts.

affirmative action the requirement that employers make special efforts to recruits hire and promote qualified members of previously excluded groups including women and minorities.

aggregate a collection of unrelated people who do not know one another but who may occupy a common space--for example, a crowd of people crossing a city street.

agrarian societies societies in which large scale cultivation using plows and draft animals is the primary means of subsistence.

alienation the separation or estrangement of individuals from themselves and from others.

amalgamation the biological as well as cultural assimilation (merging) of racial or ethnic groups.

anomalies in science observations or problems that cannot be explained or solved in terms of a prevailing paradigm.

anomie a breakdown or confusion in the norms, values, and culture of a group or a society. a condition of relative normlessness.

anomie theory the theory suggesting that deviance and crime occur when there is an acute gap between cultural norms and goals and the socially structured opportunities for individuals to achieve those goals.

anticipatory socialization the process of taking on the attitudes values and behaviors of a status or role one expects to occupy in the future.

apartheid the recent policy of racial separation in south africa enforced by leg

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