Permits you to use copyrighted material for certain purposes, such as quoting passages of a book in literary reviews.

I believe the answer is Fair Use Doctrine.
Several criteria for a project to be considered as a fair use are:
- the usage of copyrighted materials is conducted for commentaries.
- The usage of copyrighted materials is conducted for educational or other non-profit purposes
- The usage of copyrighted materials is conducted by changing the entity that made up the materials.

They went to leyden, holland

The correct answer is "  it was believed that the dispute emerged in 632 just after the death of the prophet muhammad."