Abureaucrat who had no hope of advancing professionally still followed every rule, even when it slowed down his work and personal growth. according to the strain theory, what type of deviance does his behavior illustrate?

Ritualism

Explanation:

According to the theory of tensions, in ritualism there is nothing more than a routinization of the behaviors that originally served the legitimate pursuit of socially established goals, without their existence. It is in ritualism that in the face of fear of loss of status, bureaucrats do not want to risk anything else in the competition for the continuation of social ascension, adopting a stationary behavior of resignation/satisfaction with the reached level, where they follow all the rules without hesitation.

the factors that the economies of the muslim empires prosper were:

1- land trade routes-located between three continents  

2- sea trade routes

trade contributed to the spread of muslim empires, and with that islamic culture led to a growing feeling of internationalism resulted in the transfer of technology, science, and other cultural forms.