Writing or publishing comments that hurt a person's reputation (word for definition)

Libel

Explanation:

Libel occurs when someone creates a bad name for someone else, thus damaging their reputation. Libel is a crime defined by the act of dishonoring someone by disclosing information about the other, generating discredit of their public image.

Libel acts against the so-called objective honor of the individual, which is his reputation. Some jurists argue that the legal entity can suffer libel crime, for having the reputation as an asset of the company. It is different from injury, which is an offense against the subjective reputation of the subject, with personal accusations against the individual.

a factory opens that mass-produces light bulbs.

explanation:

not sure if that's an answer to your questions but this is an example! : )

answer; longitudinal;