In talking with grandma on the phone, little marcelo suddenly exclaims, "oh, look at that pretty red bird! " when his grandmother asks him to describe the bird, marcelo says, "out there, out there! right there, grandma! " he finally gets frustrated and hangs up. this is an example of:

This is an example of egocentrism. 
It is common in young children but tends to disappear as they grow up. In this case, Marcelo doesn't understand that his grandma cannot see what he is seeing - they are talking on the phone, which means that they are not together at the time, thus she cannot see the bird he sees. Young children cannot understand that other people have other perspectives other than their own, and that sometimes they don't match. 

You gotta post the test so we can answer it